A Penalty System as Enforcement Device of Policy Measures Under Incomplete Information
نویسندگان
چکیده
In enforcing policy measures under incomplete information neither an individual nor a collective penalty may generate sufficient incentive compatibility. Individual monitoring may be avoided, while collective penalties may lead to multiple Nash-equilibria. In this paper it is shown that by combining elements of both kind of penalties these problems are solved: circumventing monitoring devices does not pay and multiple Nash-equilibria are excluded. Socially optimal behavior is selected as unique Nash-equilibrium.
منابع مشابه
The Choice of Policy Instruments to Control Pollution under Costly Enforcement and Incomplete Information
We analyze the cost of enforcing a system of firm specific emissions standards vis a vis a transferable emissions permit system in the context of complete and incomplete information. We also examine the optimality of a transferable emissions permit system when abatement costs and enforcement costs are considered. We show that under incomplete information, regulation based on each firm-specific ...
متن کاملStakeholder’s Assessment of the Awareness and Effectiveness of Smoke-free Law in Thailand
Background This study reports stakeholders’ ratings, and perceived gaps in World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 8 implementation in Thailand viewed against WHO’s Guidelines for Article 8 and to inform action in preparing the 2017 Tobacco Product Control Act. Methods Stakeholder ratings of Guideline provisions of Article 8 on a three-tiered s...
متن کاملSHAPLEY FUNCTION BASED INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY VIKOR TECHNIQUE FOR CORRELATIVE MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING PROBLEMS
Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set (IVIFS) has developed to cope with the uncertainty of imprecise human thinking. In the present communication, new entropy and similarity measures for IVIFSs based on exponential function are presented and compared with the existing measures. Numerical results reveal that the proposed information measures attain the higher association with the existing me...
متن کاملAuditing with Incomplete Logs
The protection of sensitive information is of utmost importance for organizations. The complexity and dynamism of modern businesses are forcing a re-think of traditional protection mechanisms. In particular, a priori policy enforcement mechanisms are often complemented with auditing mechanisms that rely on an a posteriori analysis of logs recording users’ activities to prove conformity to polic...
متن کاملOptimal (R, Q) policy and pricing for two-echelon supply chain with lead time and retailer’s service-level incomplete information
Many studies focus on inventory systems to analyze different real-world situations. This paper considers a two-echelon supply chain that includes one warehouse and one retailer with stochastic demand and an up-to-level policy. The retailer’s lead time includes the transportation time from the warehouse to the retailer that is unknown to the retailer. On the other hand, the warehouse is unaware ...
متن کامل